https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123420
“The in situ DRIFTS tests of ICCM over Ru/rod-CeO2 and Ru/rod-CeO2-MgO were carried out using an Agilent Cary 680 FTIR spectrometer with a liquid N2 cooled detector. The spectra were recorded with 4 cm−1 resolution, and each spectrum was averaged 128 times. The experimental setup is as follows: The catalysts were pre-treated with He (99.999%, BOC gas Ltd.) at 150 °C for 10 mins to remove the surface adsorbates and then increase the temperature to reaction temperature of 300 °C. Then H2 (5% H2/N2) was introduced to reduce catalysts for 2 h. Then switch gas flow to He to remove the residual H2 for 10 min and collect the background reference signal. The carbonation step was carried out using 35% CO2/N2 for 60 mins; the purge step proceeded with He for 9 mins to remove the gas phase CO2; followed with the regeneration step, which was carried out by switching gas flow to 5% H2/N2 for 60 mins. The ICCM of Ru/rod-CeO2 and Ru/rod-CeO2-MgO (carbonation-purge-hydrogenation) was tested at 300 °C under atmospheric pressure.”