Different supports, including Al2O3, CeO2 (HAS and LSA), CZO, Na-X-Z, H-M-Z, SiC, SiO2 and ZrO2-Y, for Ru-Na2O based materials have been investigated for ICCU-methanation (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.03.009). The results are shown below. In general, all supports demonstrate poor performance compared to Al2O3. Although CeO2 has a good yield of CH4, the related kinetic is poor.
Methane flow rate during hydrogenation step of ICCU (30 ml/min, 10% H2/N2 at 320°C and 1 atm) for 5%Ru – 6.1% “Na2O” supported on different carriers (Al2O3, CeO2 (HAS and LSA), CZO, Na-X-Z, H-M-Z, SiC, SiO2 and ZrO2-Y. CO2 adsorption for 30 min using 30 ml/min of 10%CO2/N2 at 320°C.
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.03.009)
The average methane production, CO2 capture capacity and carbon balance are also shown in the following table (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.03.009).
| Row | Sample | CO2 ads (mL) | CH4 (mL) | CO2 des (mL) | CO2/
kg-DFM |
CH4/
kg-DFM |
Conv. efficiency (%) | C balance (%) | BET
(m2/g) |
| 1 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/Al2O3 (ref.) | 1.56 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 96% | 96% | 95.03 |
| 2 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/CeO2 (LSA) | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 89% | 89% | 24.60 |
| 3 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/CeO2 (HSA) | 1.37 | 0.64 | 0 | 0.57 | 0.26 | 47% | 47% | 46.98 |
| 4 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/CZO | 1.4 | 1.39 | 0.02 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 99% | 100% | 29.39 |
| 5 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/H-M-Z | 1.26 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.53 | 0.18 | 36% | 64% | 73.12 |
| 6 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/Na-Z-X | 1.65 | 0.84 | 0 | 0.69 | 0.34 | 51% | 51% | 125.15 |
| 7 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/SiC | 1.41 | 0.92 | 0.46 | 0.59 | 0.38 | 65% | 98% | 5.47 |
| 8 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/SiO2 | 0.57 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 45% | 52% | 43.42 |
| 9 | 5%Ru-6.1%”Na2O”/ZrO2-Y | 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.08 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 90% | 98% | 5.46 |