The following content is copied from this reference (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2022.100052):
“H2 is inevitably used in the ICCC-Met and ICCC-RWGS processes. To avoid additional CO2 emissions, green H2, produced via water electrolysis using renewable energy electricity (Kondratenko et al., 2013), is recommended as the H2 source for these processes. However, currently, the production of green H2 is not mature (Masoudi Soltani et al., 2021; Nnabuife et al., 2022). For instance, González-Garay et al. conducted a process simulation and life cycle assessment of methanol production from CO2 and renewable H2 (González-Garay et al., 2019). They found that the cost of producing green H2 accounted for 27% to 79% of the total cost of methanol production, relying on the source of electricity (solar, nuclear, wind, or biomass). Similarly, alkanes such as methane and ethane are used in the ICCC-DR process, and the cost of alkanes should also be taken into account. Therefore, research should also be conducted to lower the production cost of H2 and alkanes.”