https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119483
“Fig. 5 illustrates breakthrough result at a flow rate of 1.00 L/min measured for a steel pipe with inner diameter of 1.5 mm (as shown in Fig. 2a) attached to the breakthrough instrument. The narrow steel pipe has a small volume of about 4 mL, and a very short delay of only 0.2 s was noticed under this flow rate. As a result, this experiment tests the dispersion and response time generated by the breakthrough instruments and the CO2 analyzer without an adsorbent column. The response time of the system is quite short, because CO2 breakthrough (Cout/C0 > 0.05) is detected within 1 s. The saturated CO2 concentration of approximately 10% (Cout/C0 ≈ 1) is reached after 10 s, which corresponds to the dispersion time generated by the instruments without an adsorbent column.”
“Fig. 5. Breakthrough results (squares, triangles, circles) at a flow rate of 1.00 L/min measured for steel pipe (ID 1.5 mm), column (ID 3.2 cm) and glass beads, column and glass beads inserted with two bare monoliths sealed by graphite tape as demonstrated in Fig. 2 a-c, respectively.”
“The breakthrough result measured for the empty column with only glass beads (shown in Fig. 2b) linked to the breakthrough system at 1.00 L/min flow rate is illustrated also in Fig. 5. Because the void volume of the column with glass beads is 251 mL, that is remarkably higher than the 4 mL volume of steel pipe, the breakthrough front is shifted around 17 s, this time changing well match with the prospective postponement of 15 s as a result of gas filling in the bigger volume. Nevertheless, the distribution of the breakthrough front of the wide column is comparatively resemble to that of the narrow pipe, therefore the noticed distribution is just a consequence of distribution in the breakthrough instrument, it was not dispersion in the column.
Fig. 5 also reveals the breakthrough data measured when the column was inserted with two bare steel monoliths (as shown in Fig. 2c) at a flow rate of 1.00 L/min. Under this circumstance, the breakthrough front is moved 4 s in advance, which exactly in agreement with the prospective move because of the decreased volume of the column by inserting two non-porous-wall steel monoliths (4.5 s). Similarly, the distribution of the breakthrough front is approximately 10 s, owing to distribution in the breakthrough instrument without column. The time to attain Cout/C0 = 0.5 for two bare monoliths is 13 s at flow rate of 1.00 L/min (mean value for five runs), as shown in Table 2.”
