Background of ICCU-DRM

The following sentences are copied from this reference (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccst.2022.100052). It is noted that ICCU could also be called integrated CO2 capture and conversion (ICCC).

“Note that CH₄ is also a greenhouse gas and has a much higher potential for the greenhouse effect (∼ 22 times) than CO₂. Hence, the dry reforming of methane (DRM), which converts these two major greenhouse gases (CO₂ and CH₄) into syngas, has received wide attention.”

“Considering the fact that the DRM process occurs spontaneously (ΔrG<0) when the reaction temperature is above 630 °C, Tian et al. (Tian et al., 2019) put forward and demonstrated the integrated CO₂ capture and conversion using Ni-CaO bifunctional catalyst, i.e., ICCC-DRM process, and reported that the energy consumption of the ICCC-DRM process was 22% lower than that of conventional CH₄ dry reforming for CO₂ utilization (calculated by Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and thermodynamic equilibrium), which means that the ICCC-DRM concept for CO₂ utilization was a promising option to recycle CO₂ from flue gases into high-valuable hydrocarbons.”

“The ICCC-DRM process always starts from a CO₂ capture stage by the CO₂ sorption sites, which is followed by an isothermal conversion stage by the catalytic sites, when the absorbed CO₂ spillovers to the catalytic sites and reacts with the CH₄. The ICCC-DRM process has been proved to be much more cost-effective than the separated CO₂ capture and DRM process due to the avoided CO₂ capture, compress, and transportation processes. However, the effect of process parameters such as temperature, contaminant gases, and CO₂ concentration on the ICCC-DRM performance should be well investigated before industrial application.”

The following content is from this reference (DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5077):

“Fig. 1 Illustration of the proposed in situ CO₂ utilization process. (A) Process schematic of the catalytic CaL reforming of methane, and the (B) micrometer-scale morphology and (C and D) nanoparticle information of the CaO-Ni bifunctional sorbent-catalyst (freshly reduced CaO/Ni_9) driving the proposed process.”